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In general, it can be concluded that the use of GGBFS and lead slag as fine aggregates in concrete is technically possible and useful in some cases, whereas th e use of zinc slag has a negative effect on concrete. ... the concrete industry will globally consume 8-12 billion tons of natural aggregates annually after the year 2010. Such large ...
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Lead-zinc slag can improve the durability and radiological properties of mortar and concrete mixes even for higher replacements and durability properties of SCC mixes for replacements up to 25%. Leaching, a major problem due to the dumping of lead-zinc slag, is effectively controlled when used to prepare mortar, concrete, geopolymer, and AAM.
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For this purpose, various types of heavy aggregate reinforced concrete have been studied and used. Among them are barite concrete (Akkurt et al., 2010; Daungwilailuk et al., 2022), Magnetite ...
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The cement and concrete industry has established new targets to lower and even eliminate emissions, such as those set by the Global Cement and Concrete Association (GCCA). ... ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), and silica fume—can be used to partially replace the clinker used in cement or the cement content used in concrete. This ...
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Hence, it is urgent for sustainable development of the concrete industry to find or develop a kind of environment-friendly cementitious material that can be used to partially or completely replace ...
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The results revealed that the lead-zinc slag could be used in mortar and concrete mixes for up to 50% replacements from the mechanical properties perspective.
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Granulated lead–zinc slag is a by-product obtained during smelting of lead and zinc ore to separate the metal fraction from the unwanted fractions. In the last years, the …
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Today, cement and concrete are some of the most consumed materials after water throughout the whole world. About 4.1 billion tons of cement are fabricated annually (half a ton per person) and half of this amount is produced by China [5].In addition, >1 m 3 of concrete per person is produced with Portland cement each year [6].Today, Portland cement, Portland …
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Granulated lead smelter slag (GLSS) and low calcium class-F fly ash were used as the cementitious material to manufacture the geopolymer concrete. The GLSS was sourced from the Nystar lead smelter in Port Pirie with a grain size (D 50 ), which 50% material passes, similar to that of washed river sand (550 μm).
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Granulated lead smelter slag (GLSS) can be used in structural applications. GLSS concrete columns has similar failure mode to that of OPC concrete. The current design provisions can be modified and used for geopolymer concrete. article info Article history: Received 28 November 2016 Received in revised form 28 February 2017 Accepted 3 March ...
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The use of lead slag in road construction and concrete will cause environmental risk of leaching toxic elements. The utilization rate of lead slag in cement clinker is extremely low. ... Study of mechanical, micro-structural and environmental properties of concrete containing zinc industry waste for pavements. Construction and Building ...
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metallurgical industry categories are the main sources for alternative materials for both the components, with ceramic and lead slag reaching a full replacement for both fine and coarse aggregates. In addition to lead slag and ceramic, blast furnace slag and glass are the most versatile as possible substitute of both kinds of aggregates.
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The building construction industry is a significant contributor to global energy consumption ... The addition of calcium stearate as a stabilizer could lead to a 7 % reduction in dry density. ... microstructure and property of carbonated artificial steel slag aggregate used in concrete. Cement Concr. Compos. (2020), p. 113. View in Scopus ...
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Until the 1950s, slag cement was used in two basic ways: as a raw material for the manufacture of portland cement, and as a cementitious material combined with portland cement, hydrated lime, gypsum, or anhydrite (Lewis 1981). Since the late 1950s, use of slag cement as a separate cementitious material added at the concrete mixer with
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In general, it can be concluded that the use of GGBFS and lead slag as fine aggregates in concrete is technically possible and useful in some cases, whereas the use of zinc slag has a negative ...
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The fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag and electrolytic copper powder are used at a ratio of 3:6:1. Solid sodium metasilicate is used at 10% of the total precursor, …
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Researchers stated that Steel slag includes un-hydrated lime (Cao), which can lead to volumetric instability in cementitious pastes. ... Hoque MdM, Hosse MdA (2019) Sustainable use of steel industry slag (SIS) for concrete production: a state art of review. Open J Appl Sci 09(12):841–850.
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Furthermore, basic oxygen furnace or electric arc furnace steel slags, copper slag, lead–zinc slag, and the use of ferrochromium slag, and incinerator slag also have been investigated as binders or aggregates for the production of brick, …
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The importance of understanding slags, their reusability, their specific roles and improvements in functions to lead a significant reduction in slag volumes in iron and steel industry is discussed.
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Steel slag, copper slag, lead-zinc slag, and electric furnace ferronickel slag are the most common metallurgical slags that could be used as supplementary cementitious materials …
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Typical morphology of steel slag [].(a) BOF steel slag.(b) EAF steel slag.(c) LF steel slag.BOF steel slag is the solid waste produced in the converter steelmaking process, and its discharge is approximately 100–150 kg per ton of BOF steel [20,21,22,23].BOF steel slag commonly has a grayish-white appearance and a vesicular nature, with many non-interconnected pores [].
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Key words: secondary lead, slag, stabilization, solidification, leaching, TCLP Introduction Lead is one of the essential and most widely used metals in the world. From the whole lead production in Europe up to 70 % of lead is used in battery industry and scrap automotive batteries are a major source of secondary lead. Also, the secondary refining
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Ratios of 0%, 15%, 30%, 50% and are used.Depending on the grade of concrete, the compressive strength is improved when steel slag is used for low sand replacement ratios (up to 30%).When ...
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Construction materials are dealing with new challenges due to increased resource exploitation by globalized infrastructure. Research has consequently documented various waste management techniques that are focused on environmentally sustainable principles. The coarse steel slag aggregate (CSSA) can be reused as aggregate in cement concrete mixes. Hence, …
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On examining the workability of the concrete mixes in terms of compaction factor, Sasidhara (2011) [17] found that 60% of replacement of sand led to the highest compaction factor for both the lean and rich mixes. ISF slag which had lesser water absorption than sand, allowed an excess of water available for lubrication.
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Recent studies of construction materials using ISP slag indicate that it can be successfully used in concrete mixes as a substitute for sand even in amounts up to 50%, and it has shown very...
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For example, if a state with a low concrete market share (e.g., 1 %) were to increase its concrete market share to 25%, it would lower concrete and asphalt paving material unit costs by around 29% ...
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• Using both limestone and slag in combination can lead to significant reductions in the embodied CO2associated with concrete while providing excellent concrete. • The early‐age performance of slag cement concrete with Type IL cement has been found to be equal to or better than with Portland cement from ...
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By using alkaline concrete activated with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), cement usage can be eliminated in concrete, which addresses the issue of CO 2 emissions concerned with the cement manufacturing process and promotes the use of industrial by-products as sustainable building materials. The current study focuses on proposing a ...
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However, Saikia et al. confirmed the indication that the lead slag from primary lead production could be used as a partial replacement of fine aggregates in cement mortars and concrete without negative effects of the products of the slag hydration with …
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Slag has been extensively used by the Ontario cement and the concrete industry since the early 1980s. About 1.44 Mt/y of blast furnace slag (BFS) is produced in Ontario, but only about 380
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This paper presents the results of a study on the behaviour of short and slender blended fly ash/lead smelter slag-based geopolymer concrete columns under concentric and eccentric loadings. ... The use of LSS in concrete industry is considered significant because the demand for lead is increasing dramatically as it is necessary for the ...
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This was largely because these slags contain heavy metals in the form of lead, zinc, arsenic, barium, cadmium and copper. Leaching of such heavy metals can cause very profound damage [3]. Imperial smelting furnace (ISF) slag is one such waste material which is generated from the zinc and lead manufacturing industry [4].
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Leaching properties of secondary lead slag 153 (40 mm × 40 mm × 40 mm), after curing for 28 days, were immersed in leaching agent (distilled water, pH = 4 with HNO3), for the test period of 64 ...
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The results clearly showed that hybrid scale waste/granulated lead–zinc slag waste concrete ... industry, and nuclear research and their applications (Yadollahi et al., 2016). One of the most important challenges in shielding engineering is to reduce exposure to radiation to the standard acceptable level in order to protect human beings ...
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Lead smelting slag / lead smelter slag constitutes both the primary and secondary slags from the lead extraction industry [4], where the smelting of lead sulphide for the lead production process produces the primary lead slag [5]. The hazardous zinc smelting slag is generated from the metallurgical process of zinc extraction [6].
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